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Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Received: 2 July 2016     Accepted: 12 July 2016     Published: 30 August 2016
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Abstract

Pesticides residues were estimated in some commonly used medicinal plants collected from different markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,these are; (Rosemary; Rosmarinus officinals L. & Sage; Salvia officinals L.), family Lamiaceae, (Anise; Pimpinella anisum L., Caraway, Carum carvi L. & Cumin; Cuminum cyminum L.) family Apiaceae, (Cinnamon; Cinnamomum verum L.) family Lauraceae, (Ginger; Zingiber officinale Roscoe. ) family Zingiberaceae and (Tea ; Camellia sinensis L.) family Theaceae. It was found thatMalathion,Pirimiphos-methyl and profenofos predominated in most all investigated samples while fungicides were detected only in Cumin and Caraway samples in the form of azole compounds .(tebuconazole, propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole) carbamate compounds (carbendazim) and other fungicides(iprodione, azoxystrobin, metalaxyl, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl,ticyclazole, kresoxim-methyl and pendimethalin). Insecticides were dominated in Cumin, Caraway, Anise, Rosemary, Tea and Sage samples and mainly organophosphates (malathion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, pirimiphos-methyl, ethion. The Ginger samples were free from pesticides while Cinnamon samples showed only the chloropyrifos <LOQ But in Anise difenoconazoleit was only in <LOQ. The medicinal plants and natural herbs must be used after the application of safety experiments and safety tests. It is recommended that everycountry use medicinal plants and spices (collected from natural habitats or cultivated) should have at least one control laboratory capable of performing the determination of pesticides residues and give a license for safety to be used in safe manner.

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11
Page(s) 67-71
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fungicides, Medicinal Plants, Insecticides, Jeddah, Safety, Saudi Arabia, Pollution

References
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[2] T. N. Srinivasan, “Trade, Development and Growth.” Graham Memorial Lecture, Essays in International Economics 2001. Vol. 225. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University department of Economics
[3] K. Platel, K. Srinivasan , “Studies on the influence of dietary spices on food transit time in experimental rats. , ” Nutr Res 2001; vol.21 : pp. 1309-1314.
[4] T. Srinivasan ,; Economic ,2005 vol.730 a (fall 2005)
[5] H. Bhat, P. Sampath, R. Pai, , R. Bollor, M. Baliga and R. Fayad, “Indian medicinal plants as immunomodulators”: scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal beliefs. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases: Bioactive Food in Chronic Disease States 2003, p. 215.
[6] J. Desmet, M. De Maeyer, B. Hazes, and I. Lasters, “The dead-end elimination theorem and its use in protein side-chain positioning”, Nature. 1992. Vol.356:pp.539–542.
[7] M. Anastassiades, B. Tasdelen, E. Scherbaum, and D. Stajnbaher, “Recent developments in QuEChERS methodology for pesticide multiresidue analysis”. 2007. In: Ohkawa, H., Miyagawa,H., Lee, P.W. (Eds.), Pesticide Chemistry: Crop Protection, Public Health, Environmental Safety. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
[8] H. Baye and A . Hymete, “ Lead and cadmium accumulation in medicinal plants collected from environmentally different sites”. Bull Environm. Contam & Toxicol, 2010,vol. 84, pp.197–201
[9] AA. Barakat, H. Badawy, E. Salama, , E. Attallah and G. Maatook, “Simple and rapid method ofanalysis for determination of pesticide residues in honey using dispersive solid phase extraction and GC determination”. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2007, vol.5,pp. 97–100.
[10] W. Bödeker and C. Dümmler. “Pestizide und Gesundheit”, 2nd ed. Karlsruhe British crop protection council 2002.
[11] H . Abdelkader , M . Hajjo, and U. Fatma “Medicinal Plants, Pesticide Residues, and Methods of Pesticide Analysis” 2009 chapter, 15. Hand book of Pesticides Residues Analysis Edited by Hamir Singh Rathore and Leo M . L . Nollet CRC Press 2009 PP.401–434
[12] M. Anastassiades, S. Lehotay, D. Stajnbaher and F. Schenck, "Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J AOAC Int 2003, vol.86(2):pp. 412-431.
[13] OECD "Guidance for the derivation of an acute reference dose. " Paris, France, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (ENV/JM/MONO 2010 ,15; Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 124.
[14] P. C. Abhilash and N. Singh, "Multiple residue extraction for organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants". Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008 vol. 81,pp. 604–607.
[15] A. H. El-Ghorab, F. Osman, M. A. Abd El Mageed, M. S. Shaheen, A.M. Hussein, A. F. Mansour, A.Hamdy, Sh. Khaled ,F. El-Massrey, and T.Shibamot , "Effects of Fermentation and Cooking on the Quality of Sausages and Burgers. " international Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences vol.3, Iss.3, Apr-Jun 2014
[16] M.C.R. Alavanja, "Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure – Cancer and Neurotoxicity". Annual Review of Public Health 2004. Vol.25. pp.155-97
[17] FAO Manual ,"Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for the estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed. Rome", Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO Plant Production and Protection 2009 .Paper 197.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yahia Y. Mosleh, Elsayed M. Nafea, Omar A. Almagrabi, Ali Alkaladi. (2016). Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 1(3), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11

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    ACS Style

    Yahia Y. Mosleh; Elsayed M. Nafea; Omar A. Almagrabi; Ali Alkaladi. Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2016, 1(3), 67-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11

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    AMA Style

    Yahia Y. Mosleh, Elsayed M. Nafea, Omar A. Almagrabi, Ali Alkaladi. Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2016;1(3):67-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11,
      author = {Yahia Y. Mosleh and Elsayed M. Nafea and Omar A. Almagrabi and Ali Alkaladi},
      title = {Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {67-71},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20160103.11},
      abstract = {Pesticides residues were estimated in some commonly used medicinal plants collected from different markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,these are; (Rosemary; Rosmarinus officinals L. & Sage; Salvia officinals L.), family Lamiaceae, (Anise; Pimpinella anisum L., Caraway, Carum carvi L. & Cumin; Cuminum cyminum L.) family Apiaceae, (Cinnamon; Cinnamomum verum L.) family Lauraceae, (Ginger; Zingiber officinale Roscoe. ) family Zingiberaceae and (Tea ; Camellia sinensis L.) family Theaceae. It was found thatMalathion,Pirimiphos-methyl and profenofos predominated in most all investigated samples while fungicides were detected only in Cumin and Caraway samples in the form of azole compounds .(tebuconazole, propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole) carbamate compounds (carbendazim) and other fungicides(iprodione, azoxystrobin, metalaxyl, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl,ticyclazole, kresoxim-methyl and pendimethalin). Insecticides were dominated in Cumin, Caraway, Anise, Rosemary, Tea and Sage samples and mainly organophosphates (malathion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, pirimiphos-methyl, ethion. The Ginger samples were free from pesticides while Cinnamon samples showed only the chloropyrifos <LOQ But in Anise difenoconazoleit was only in <LOQ. The medicinal plants and natural herbs must be used after the application of safety experiments and safety tests. It is recommended that everycountry use medicinal plants and spices (collected from natural habitats or cultivated) should have at least one control laboratory capable of performing the determination of pesticides residues and give a license for safety to be used in safe manner.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Investigation of Pesticides Residues in Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Local Markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    AU  - Yahia Y. Mosleh
    AU  - Elsayed M. Nafea
    AU  - Omar A. Almagrabi
    AU  - Ali Alkaladi
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    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 67
    EP  - 71
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.11
    AB  - Pesticides residues were estimated in some commonly used medicinal plants collected from different markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,these are; (Rosemary; Rosmarinus officinals L. & Sage; Salvia officinals L.), family Lamiaceae, (Anise; Pimpinella anisum L., Caraway, Carum carvi L. & Cumin; Cuminum cyminum L.) family Apiaceae, (Cinnamon; Cinnamomum verum L.) family Lauraceae, (Ginger; Zingiber officinale Roscoe. ) family Zingiberaceae and (Tea ; Camellia sinensis L.) family Theaceae. It was found thatMalathion,Pirimiphos-methyl and profenofos predominated in most all investigated samples while fungicides were detected only in Cumin and Caraway samples in the form of azole compounds .(tebuconazole, propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole) carbamate compounds (carbendazim) and other fungicides(iprodione, azoxystrobin, metalaxyl, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl,ticyclazole, kresoxim-methyl and pendimethalin). Insecticides were dominated in Cumin, Caraway, Anise, Rosemary, Tea and Sage samples and mainly organophosphates (malathion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, pirimiphos-methyl, ethion. The Ginger samples were free from pesticides while Cinnamon samples showed only the chloropyrifos <LOQ But in Anise difenoconazoleit was only in <LOQ. The medicinal plants and natural herbs must be used after the application of safety experiments and safety tests. It is recommended that everycountry use medicinal plants and spices (collected from natural habitats or cultivated) should have at least one control laboratory capable of performing the determination of pesticides residues and give a license for safety to be used in safe manner.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Aquatic Environmental, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.

  • Department of Aquatic Environmental, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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